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新《公司法》(2005年修订)关于股东知情权规定之异同/陈召利

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-06-26 16:57:09  浏览:9235   来源:法律资料网
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新《公司法》(2005年修订)关于股东知情权规定之异同

陈召利 主页:http://www.law-god.com


与旧公司法相比较,新《公司法》(2006年1月1日施行)将股东行使知情权的范围大大地拓展了。



根据旧公司法,有限责任公司的股东能够行使知情权的范围主要表现为“股东有权查阅股东会会议记录和公司财务会计报告”,而对于股份有限公司的股东,则限于“查阅公司章程、股东大会会议记录和财务会计报告”。可见,股东知情权的行使范围被限定在一个非常狭小的范围内。



新公司法分别在第三十四、九十八条分别对有限责任公司、股份有限公司股东知情权作了规定。第三十四条规定:“股东有权查阅、复制公司章程、股东会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议和财务会计报告。股东可以要求查阅公司会计账簿。股东要求查阅公司会计账簿的,应当向公司提出书面请求,说明目的。公司有合理根据认为股东查阅会计账簿有不正当目的,可能损害公司合法利益的,可以拒绝提供查阅,并应当自股东提出书面请求之日起十五日内书面答复股东并说明理由。公司拒绝提供查阅的,股东可以请求人民法院要求公司提供查阅。”第九十八条规定:“股东有权查阅公司章程、股东名册、公司债券存根、股东大会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议、财务会计报告,对公司的经营提出建议或者质询。”



这种制度上的变迁,使得公司股东获得了更为广泛地了解公司经营信息的机会和渠道,有助于股东更切实地保护自身的合法权益,更有效地加强对公司事务的监督。然而,细心比较,我们可以看到,新公司法关于有限责任公司和股份有限公司的股东知情权的规定还是有若干差异的:



第一,知情权的范围不同。有限责任公司股东有权查阅公司会计帐簿(包括总帐、明细帐、日记帐和其他辅助性帐簿,但不含会计凭证),而股份有限责任公司股东则不能。



第二,权利行使方式不同。对于公司章程、股东(大)会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议和财务会计报告,有限责任公司股东不仅有权查阅,还有权复制,而股份有限公司股东只能查阅。

因此,在实践过程中,如果有限责任公司要求复制会计帐簿或查阅会计凭证,股份有限责任公司股东要求查阅,甚至复制公司会计帐簿,公司完全可以拒绝无理要求。
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关于个人所得税若干政策问题的通知(附英文)

财政部 国家税务总局


关于个人所得税若干政策问题的通知(附英文)
财政部、国家税务总局



各省、自治区、直辖市财政厅(局)、税务局,各计划单列市财政局、税务局,海洋石油税务管理局各分局:
根据《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》及其《实施条例》的有关规定精神,现将个人所得税的若干政策问题通知如下:
一、关于对个体工商户的征税问题
(一)个体工商户业主的费用扣除标准和从业人员的工资扣除标准,由各省、自治区、直辖市税务局确定。个体工商户在生产、经营期间借款的利息支出,凡有合法证明的,不高于按金融机构同类、同期贷款利率计算的数额的部分,准予扣除。
(二)个体工商户或个人专营种植业、养殖业、饲养业、捕捞业,其经营项目属于农业税(包括农业特产税,下同)、牧业税征税范围并已征收了农业税、牧业税的,不再征收个人所得税;不属于农业税、牧业税征税范围的,应对其所得征收个人所得税。兼营上述四业并四业的所得单
独核算的,比照上述原则办理,对于属于征收个人所得税的,应与其他行业的生产、经营所得合并计征个人所得税;对于四业的所得不能单独核算的,应就其全部所得计征个人所得税。
(三)个体工商户与企业联营而分得的利润,按利息、股息、红利所得项目征收个人所得税。
(四)个体工商户和从事生产、经营的个人,取得与生产、经营活动无关的各项应税所得,应按规定分别计算征收个人所得税。
二、下列所得,暂免征收个人所得税:
(一)外籍个人以非现金形式或实报实销形式取得的住房补贴、伙食补贴、搬迁费、洗衣费。
(二)外籍个人按合理标准取得的境内、外出差补贴。
(三)外籍个人取得的探亲费、语言训练费、子女教育费等,经当地税务机关审核批准为合理的部分。
(四)个人举报、协查各种违法、犯罪行为而获得的奖金。
(五)个人办理代扣代缴税款手续,按规定取得的扣缴手续费。
(六)个人转让自用达五年以上、并且是唯一的家庭生活用房取得的所得。
(七)对按国发(1983)141号《国务院关于高级专家离休退休若干问题的暂行规定》和国办发(1991)40号《国务院办公厅关于杰出高级专家暂缓离退休审批问题的通知》精神,达到离休、退休年龄,但确因工作需要,适当延长离休退休年龄的高级专家(指享受国家发
放的政府特殊津贴的专家、学者),其在延长离休退休期间的工资、薪金所得,视同退休工资、离休工资免征个人所得税。
(八)外籍个人从外商投资企业取得的股息、红利所得。
(九)凡符合下列条件之一的外籍专家取得的工资、薪金所得可免征个人所得税:
1.根据世界银行专项贷款协议由世界银行直接派往我国工作的外国专家;
2.联合国组织直接派往我国工作的专家;
3.为联合国援助项目来华工作的专家;
4.援助国派往我国专为该国无偿援助项目工作的专家;
5.根据两国政府签订文化交流项目来华工作两年以内的文教专家,其工资、薪金所得由该国负担的;
6.根据我国大专院校国际交流项目来华工作两年以内的文教专家,其工资、薪金所得由该国负担的;
7.通过民间科研协定来华工作的专家,其工资、薪金所得由该国政府机构负担的。
三、关于中介费扣除问题
对个人从事技术转让、提供劳务等过程中所支付的中介费,如能提供有效、合法凭证的,允许从其所得中扣除。
四、对个人从基层供销社、农村信用社取得的利息或股息、红利收入是否征收个人所得税,由各省、自治区、直辖市税务局报请政府确定,报财政部、国家税务总局备案。

CIRCULAR ON SOME POLICY QUESTIONS CONCERNING INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX

(Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation May 131994 [94] Coded Cai Shui Zi No. 020)

Whole Doc.

To the financial departments (bureaus) and tax bureaus of various
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
central government, to the financial bureaus and tax bureaus of various
cities with independent planning and to various sub-bureaus of Offshore
Oil Tax Administrative Bureau:
In accordance with the spirit of the related stipulations of the
Individual Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China and the
regulations for its implementation, the Circular On Some Policy Questions
Concerning Individual Income Tax is hereby given as follows:

I. Questions concerning the levying of tax on individual industrial
and commercial units
(1) The expense deducting standard for the proprietors of individual
industrial and commercial units and the wage deducting standard for the
employees shall be determined by the tax bureaus of various provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities. For the expenditure of interest on
the loans borrowed by the individual industrial and commercial units
during the period of production and operation, that part with legal
certificate and not higher than the amount calculated in accordance with
the interest rate for loans of the same category and in the same period
which are extended by financial institutions shall be allowed to be
deducted.
(2) For the plantation, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishing
industry operated exclusively by individual industrial and commercial
units or individuals, when the items they operate come within the dutiable
scope of agricultural tax (including special agricultural product tax, the
same below) and animal husbandry tax and on which agricultural tax and
animal husbandry tax have already been levied, no more individual income
tax shall be levied; when their operational items do not come under the
dutiable scope of agricultural tax and animal husbandry tax, individual
income tax shall be levied on their earnings. For those who concurrently
operate the above-mentioned four industries and the income from which are
calculated separately, the matter shall be handled in light of the
above-mentioned principle. For those from whom individual income shall be
levied, individual income tax shall be calculated and levied on the
combined income earned from the production and operation of other trades;
when the income from the four industries cannot keep separate accounts,
individual income tax shall be levied on the whole lot of income.
(3) For the profits earned from the joint management of individual
industrial and commercial units and enterprises, individual income tax
shall be levied on the items of incomes such as interest, dividends and
bonuses.
(4) When individual industrial and commercial units and individuals
engaging in production and operation have various items of taxable incomes
earned from unrelated production and management activities, individual
income tax shall be calculated and levied separately according to
regulations.

II. The incomes listed below are exempt from individual income tax
for the time being:
(1) Housing subsidies, food allowances, moving fees and laundry fees
gained by individual foreigners in the non-cash form or in the form of
being reimbursed for what they spend.
(2) Travelling allowances at home and abroad gained by individual
foreigners in accordance with rational standards.
(3) The visiting relatives expense, language training expense and
children education expense gained by individual foreigners, that part
considered to be reasonable through examination and approval by local tax
authorities.
(4) Money awards gained by individual's crime-reporting, assisting in
investigating various law-breaking and criminal acts.
(5) The withholding service charge gained according to regulations by
individual who performs the withholding procedures.
(6) The income gained by individual from the transfer of house which
has been used by oneself for over five years and which is one's only
residential house.
(7) In accordance with the spirit of the Provisional Regulations of
the State Council On Some Questions Concerning the Retirement of Senior
Experts, a document Coded Guo Fa (1993) No. 141 and the Circular of the
General Office of the State Council On the Question Concerning the
Examination and Approval of the Temporary Postponement of Retirement of
Outstanding Senior Experts, senior experts (referring to experts and
scholars enjoying special government allowances issued by the state) who
have reached the age of retirement are allowed to appropriately extend
their age of retirement due really to the need of work, their wage and
salary incomes received during the period of retirement are regarded as
retirement wages and are exempt from individual income tax.
(8) The incomes gained by individual foreigners from dividends and
bonuses of enterprise with foreign investment.
(9) The wage and salary incomes gained by foreign experts who conform
with one of the following conditions may be exempt from individual income
tax:
1. Foreign experts directly sent by the World Bank to work in China
in accordance with a special loan agreement;
2. Experts directly sent by the United Nations' Organizations to work
in China;
3. Experts coming to work in China for the UN aid projects;
4. Experts sent by an aid-granting country to China to work specially
for the project granted gratis by the country;
5. Cultural and educational experts coming to China to work for two
years on the cultural exchange project under an agreement signed between
two governments, with their wages and salaries being borne by the country;
6. Cultural and educational exerts coming to China to work for two
years on the international exchange projects of China's universities and
colleges, with their wages and salaries being borne by the country
concerned;
7. Experts coming to work in China through a non-government
scientific research agreement, with their wages and salaries being borne
by the government organization of the country concerned.

III. Questions concerning the deduction of intermediate expenses The
intermediate expenses, paid by an individual in the process of engaging in
technological transfer and providing labor services, may be deducted from
his income if he can provide effective and legal certificates

IV. With regard to whether or not individual income tax should be
levied on the interest, dividends and bonuses gained by an individual from
grass-roots supply and marketing cooperatives and rural credit
cooperatives, the matter shall be reported by the tax bureaus in various
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities to the governments for
determination and then reported to the Ministry of Finance and the State
Administration of Taxation for the record.



1994年5月13日

国务院关于农村个体工商业的若干规定

国务院


国务院关于农村个体工商业的若干规定

1984年2月27日,国务院

发展农村个体工商业,对于促进农村商品生产,活跃城乡物资交流,多方利用农村剩余劳动力,有积极作用。为了进一步加强对农村个体工商业的领导、管理和监督,扶持其健康发展,特作如下规定:
一、农村个体工商业是指农村居民从事的适合个体经营的工业、手工业、商业、饮食业、服务业、修理业、运输业、房屋修缮业以及国家允许个体经营的其他行业。
二、农村居民经营个体工商业,须持所在生产大队或村民委员会的证明,向所在地工商行政管理机关申请开业登记,经县、市工商行政管理机关审查核准,发给营业执照后,方可营业。常年经营的,发给营业执照;临时或季节性经营的,发给临时营业执照。
申请开业登记,经营饮食业、食品业的,还须取得食品卫生监督机构的卫生许可证和从业人员健康检查合格证明;经营技术性较强行业的,还须取得有关部门的技术考核合格证明;经营旅店业、刻字业的,还须经当地公安部门审查同意。
农村个体工商业户歇业、转业、合并、变更登记项目等,应按工商行政管理机关的规定办理有关手续。
三、国家鼓励农村剩余劳动力经营社会急需的行业。对于经营手工业、修理业、服务业、饮食业等社会急需行业而确有困难的,国家可以在贷款、价格、税收等方面给予适当照顾,并在技术上给予必要的帮助。
四、发展农村个体工商业,要有利于小集镇的建设。允许农村个体工商业户自理口粮到集镇摆摊设点,有条件的,经工商行政管理机关批准,也可以开店经营,但不得乱占耕地。
五、农村个体工商业户应按照工商行政管理机关核准的经营范围,从事经营活动。
农村个体商业,应以经营零售商业为主,也允许从事城乡贩运和批量销售。对经营零售商业的,在边远、偏僻、交通不便的地区,可以适当放宽其经营范围。对从事城乡贩运和批量销售的,限于三类农副产品和国家统购、派购任务外允许上市的农副产品,以及工业品中的三类小商品。
农村个体工业和手工业,可以使用机动工具加工、生产。
农村个体修理业,既可以从事人民生活方面的修理业务,也可以从事生产、科研方面的修理业务。
农村个体运输业,可以按照国家有关规定,使用机动车船从事客货运输。
六、农村个体工商业户的经营方式可以灵活多样,如自产自销、来料加工、经销代销、游村串乡、流动服务等。
七、农村个体工商业户一般是一人经营或家庭经营;必要时,经县、市工商行政管理机关批准,可以请一、两个帮手;技术性较强或者有特殊技艺的,可以带两三个、最多不超过五个学徒。请帮手、带学徒,应当签订合同,规定双方的权利、义务、期限和报酬等。
八、农村个体工商业户出县、出省经营,须持营业执照或临时营业执照,经营饮食业、食品业的还须持卫生许可证,向所到地工商行政管理机关登记后,方可营业。
九、家居农村的退休职工,除病退者外,符合下列条件之一的,可以批准其经营个体工商业,退休待遇不变:(1)能够带学徒传授技艺或经营经验的;(2)有传统技艺,能够恢复发展名特产品的。
十、农村个体工商业户所需的货源和原材料,除平价粮、油外,参照一九八一年六月二十二日工商行政管理总局、商业部、粮食部、全国供销合作总社、国家物资总局、国家劳动总局联合发出的《关于对城镇个体工商业户货源供应等问题的通知》的规定执行。农村个体工商业户也可凭营业执照或临时营业执照到外地自行采购。
十一、农村个体工商业户生产、经营的商品的价格和服务业、修理业的收费标准,按照一九八二年八月六日国务院发布的《物价管理暂行条例》的有关规定执行。
十二、农村个体工商业户经批准可以起字号、刻图章,可以按照银行或信用社的规定开立帐户、申请贷款。
十三、农村个体工商业者可以加入本县、市的个体劳动者协会。
十四、农村个体工商业户应按国家法规和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的规定,交纳税款和费用。向农村个体工商业户收取费用,必须通过工商行政管理机关归口管理。对擅自收费或提高收费标准的,各级人民政府必须严加制止,个体工商业户也有权拒付或向主管机关提出控告。
十五、各级人民政府要加强对农村个体工商业户的领导,各级工商行政管理机关要加强对他们的行政管理。计划、农业、商业、供销、粮食、物资、交通、税务、物价、银行、公安、卫生、城建、环保等部门要与工商行政管理机关密切配合,各负其责,指导、监督、扶持农村个体工商业健康发展。
十六、农村个体工商业户应遵守国家政策法令,不准破坏国家收购计划,不准破坏国家矿产资源,不准偷税漏税,不准欺行霸市,不准哄抬物价,不准缺斤少两,不准掺杂使假,不准出售禁止生产经营的食品,不准买卖票证或用票证换商品,不准伪造、出租、涂改、转让营业执照或进行其他违法活动。违者,由主管部门按照国家有关规定处理;触犯刑律的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
十七、农村个体工商业户领取的营业执照,是国家授权工商行政管理机关核发的合法凭证,除工商行政管理机关外,任何单位和个人无权扣缴或吊销营业执照。
十八、国家保护农村个体工商业户的合法权利和利益。对侵犯农村个体工商业户合法权利和利益的行为,个体工商业户有权向当地或上级人民政府提出控告,或依法向人民法院起诉。
十九、 有关农村个体工商业户登记管理方面的具体规定,由国家工商行政管理局制定。
二十、省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可以根据本规定,制定实施办法。
二十一、本规定自发布之日起施行。



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